Expeditions Past & Present GIZA Penn excavations at Giza began in 1915 under the direction of Clarence Fisher and focused on the area known as the "minor cemetery." This excavation produced important information on the arrangement of Old Kingdom (2625-2130 B.C.) mastaba tombs and the mortuary cults of their owners. In the 1970's the University of Pennsylvania Museum (UPM) renewed work at Giza as a sponsor of the Giza Mastabas Project under the direction of David O'Connor and William K. Simpson. This work has resulted in a series of several volumes providing information about tombs in the Giza Necropolis. Looking south over the entire cemetery. In the foreground is the offering room of Sneferu-Hetep. Chamber N, adjoining the offering room, and containing the statuette of Mesty. Offering niche of Khufu-Mer-Neteru. Stela, log lintel, and offering basin in situ.

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